Options trading has been around since 1973 but really didn't take off until the last 10 years or so During that period the number of options contracts traded on U S exchanges increased by more than 600% What accounts for this increase in the popularity of options trading?
One major factor is that options are now understood better than they previously were Because options have many variations it is quite easy to misunderstand how they work, and as a result many investors - or their brokers - had bad experiences when they first tried them
The influence of the internet has also been a significant factor Not only has the internet provided the means for low cost options trading, but it has been a tremendous source of valuable information
This has served to demystify the options trading process to a great degree Prospective options traders can draw on the experience and advice of countless numbers of people who have successfully engaged in trading, learned its ins and outs, and developed a sophisticated understanding of the activity
One commonly held view about options trading is that it is risky - mostly because it is relatively difficult to understand and the new investor will usually be uncertain about the best strategy to employ
One of the simplest strategies to understand, and one that can actually be used to reduce risk is the use of a put option as a hedge against dramatic declines in a stock's market value
The traditional way stock traders protect themselves against such losses is to place a "stop-loss order" on a particular stock they hold When it trades at or below the limit specified in the stop-loss order, the stop-loss order automatically becomes a market order to sell
This procedure has some serious shortcomings When a stock starts fluctuating in price a stop-loss order virtually guarantees that it will be sold for a loss because it will be sold as soon as it dips to or below the stop order price
More importantly when a stock worth, say, $50 at closing opens in the morning at $30 it will automatically be sold at that price This serves to lock in some pretty significant losses
Purchasing a put option, on the other hand, lets you purchase the right to sell a specific stock at a predetermined price (the "strike price") for a specified period of time So if you suspect a certain stock is going to decline in value you can purchase a put option for a quantity of that stock If its market price goes below the predetermined strike price you have the option of selling it at the strike price
For example, let's say XYZ stock is trading at $50 today, but you suspect it might go down quite a bit in value over the next two or three months You might purchase a put option for 200 shares of XYZ stock at a strike price of $42 for a period of three months
What this means is that you can sell 200 shares of XYZ at $42 per share any time within that time period - even if the market price of the stock should go to $30 In other words you are paying a price to lock in a guaranteed value for a limited period of time
This contract would cost you a "premium" - say it is $3 per share If the stock price does not go down during the period of your contract you can simply let the option expire and forfeit your premium Of if it does go down you can sell your stock if you actually own some and take less of a loss than you otherwise would have
Or even better, if you don't actually own any of the stock you could buy some at the current price and sell it at the strike price predetermined in your option contract
The bottom line is that options trading can be fairly simple like this example and can be used to reduce risk rather than increase it On the other hand, some strategies used by options traders are very complicated and carry considerable risk
Anyone considering getting involved in options trading should take it one step at a time Find a good online trading site that specializes in options trading and has low fees Then learn as much as you possibly can about options trading strategies before you try anything too adventurous
Join more than 130,000 other satisfied traders by opening an account with TradeKing.com, where options trading online is our specialty.